Gastroenterology
1. Tracheoesophageal Fistula.
***) The newly born regurgitates
its entire first and every feed, pours saliva almost continuously. There are
manifestations of:
A.
Imperforate anus
B.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
C.
Atresia of duodenum
D.
Atresia of the esophagus
E.
Meckel's diverticulum
Answer: D* Atresia of the
esophagus
***) All of the following are
features of isolated esophageal atresia, except:
A.
Excessive salivation
B.
Inability to pass nasogastrial tube
C.
Distended abdomen
D.
Pneumonia
E.
Cyanotic attacks after feeding
Answer: C* Distended abdomen
2. Pyloric Stenosis.
***) A narrowing and elongation
of the pyloric channel on X-ray in a 12 days old infant most strongly suggest:
A.
Duodenal atresia
B.
Duodenal ulcer
C.
Duplication of the stomach
D.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
E.
Annular pancreas
Answer: D* Infantile
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
***) Pyloric stenosis is
characterized by all of the following, except:
A.
Usually present between 3 and 8 weeks of life
B.
Is commoner in first-born infants
C.
Is commoner in girls
D.
There is a family history of such disease
E.
Projectile vomiting
Answer: C* Is commoner in girls
***) All of the following are
characteristics of pyloric stenosis, except:
A.
Commonly seen in the first born baby
B.
Bile stained vomiting
C.
Metabolic alkalosis
D.
Failure to thrive
E.
Ultrasound is helpful in confirming diagnosis
Answer: B* Bile stained vomiting
***) Regarding pyloric stenosis
all of the following are true, except:
A.
Metabolic acidosis is presenting feature
B.
Barium meal confirm the diagnosis
C.
It affects more the first and male babies
D.
The baby is usually alert and sucking strongly
E.
Surgical management is pyloromyotomy
Answer: A* Metabolic acidosis is
presenting feature
***) Concerning hypertrophic
pyloric stenosis of following are true, except:
A.
Manifestations start usually 3-4 weeks after birth
B.
Bile stained projectile vomiting is the presenting symptom
C.
A visible peristalsis may be seen passing from the left to
right across the upper abdomen
D.
Constipation and loss of weight are usually present
E.
Surgery is the treatment of choice
Answer: B* Bile stained
projectile vomiting is the presenting symptom
***) Concerning hypertrophic
pyloric stenosis all the following are true, except:
A.
Non-bilious projectile vomiting is the most common
B.
Visible peristalsis may be seen passing from left to right
across the upper abdomen
C.
An olive-size mass can be felt in the right hypochondrium
D.
Constipation and loss of weight are usually present
E.
The usual management is by antispasmodics and laxatives
Answer: E* The usual management
is by antispasmodics and laxatives
***) Concerning hypertrophic
pyloric stenosis, all the following statements are true, except:
A.
First born male infants are most frequently affected
B.
Symptoms usually begin in the third week of life
C.
Bile stained vomiting after feeding is characteristic
D.
Other gastrointestinal anomalies are usually not present
E.
Preoperative preparation frequently requires potassium
replacement
Answer: C* Bile stained vomiting
after feeding is characteristic
3. Duodenal Atresia.
***) A newly born presented with
persistent bile stained vomiting. Straight, erect abdominal radiograph showed
“double bubble” appearance in the upper abdomen. This infant has:
A.
Meconium ileus
B.
Duodenal atresia
C.
Imperforated anus
D.
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
E.
Congenital intussusception
Answer: B* Duodenal atresia
***) All of the following are
causes of non bile stained vomiting, except:
A.
Feeding problem
B.
Gastro-esophageal reflux
C.
Pyloric stenosis
D.
Duodenal atresia
E.
Hidden infection (meningitis)
Answer: D* Duodenal atresia
4. Vomiting.
***) Common causes of vomiting
in children including all the following, except:
A.
Over feeding
B.
Duodenal atresia
C.
Gastro-esophageal reflux
D.
Gastroenteritis
E.
Pyloric stenosis
Answer: B* Duodenal atresia
***) The common cause of
regurgitation in a normal young infant is:
A.
Faulty feeding technique
B.
Pyloric stenosis
C.
Gastroesophageal reflux
D.
Constipation
E.
Lactose intolerance
Answer: A* Faulty feeding
technique
5. Diarrhea.
***) The commonest cause for
acute simple gastroenteritis is:
A.
Escherichia
B.
Shigella
C.
Rotavirus
D.
Salmonella
E.
Adenovirus
Answer: C* Rotavirus
***) All of the following are
causes of chronic diarrhea in children:
A.
Enterobius vermicularis
B.
Lamblia giardia
C.
Entameba histolytica
D.
Celiac disease
E.
Cystic fibrosis
Answer: A* Enterobius
vermicularis
***) One of the following
measures is recommended in managing diarrhea in children:
A.
Using antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria
B.
Using antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria
C.
Attempting to reduce intestinal motility by using suitable
drugs
D.
Attempting to stop vomiting by using suitable drugs
E.
Attempting to prevent reaching the stage when intravenous
therapy is needed
Answer: E* Attempting to prevent
reaching the stage when intravenous therapy is needed
6. Celiac Disease.
***) Regarding celiac dieses all
are true, except:
A.
Manifestations start after birth immediately
B.
Gluten-free diet is helpful
C.
Some cases may develop lymphoma
D.
Endomysial antibodies is useful test
E.
The main problem is in absorption
Answer: A* Manifestations start
after birth immediately
***) All of the following are
manifestations of celiac disease, except:
A.
Short stature
B.
Constipation
C.
Delayed puberty
D.
Pallor
E.
Bloody diarrhea
Answer: B* Constipation
7. Milk Protein Allergy.
***) Cow's milk protein allergy
may present in all of the following ways, except
A.
An exacerbation of eczema
B.
Infantile colic
C.
Chronic wheezing in the first year of life
D.
Bloody colitis in infancy
E.
Thrombocytopenia
Answer: E* Thrombocytopenia
8. Constipation.
***) Which of the following
statements about Hirschsprung's disease is not true:
A.
It may be a cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction
B.
It may involve the entire colon
C.
It may be associated with an increased incidence of Down's
syndrome
D.
It may be associated with enterocolitis
E.
Barium enema is always diagnostic for infants older than
one month
Answer: E* Barium enema is
always diagnostic for infants older than one month
9. Acute Abdominal Pain.
***) Intussusception is a cause
of all of the following, except:
A.
A mass in the abdomen
B.
Abdominal colic
C.
Frequency of micturiuon
D.
Passage of blood per rectum
E.
Intestinal obstruction
Answer: C* Frequency of
micturiuon
***) A previously healthy 8
months old boy started to suffer from repeated abdominal pain, vomiting and red
currant jelly stool, he should be regarded to have:
A.
Volvulus neonatorum
B.
Intussusception
C.
Gastroenteritis
D.
Meconium ileus
E.
Meckel's diverticulitis
Answer: B* Intussusception
***) Current jelly stools are
usually associated with:
A.
Hirschsprung’s disease
B.
Appendicitis
C.
Intussusception
D.
Bezoars
E.
Enterocolitis
Answer: D* Intussusception
10.
GI Bleeding.
***) Blood stained stools in an
infant are associated with all of the following, except:
A.
Anal fissure
B.
Gastroenteritis
C.
Intussusception
D.
Appendicitis
E.
Meckel's diverticulum
Answer: D* Appendicitis
***) The most common cause of
minimal bleeding per rectum in children is:
A.
Volvulus neonatorum
B.
Necrotizing enterocolitis
C.
Fissure in anus
D.
Hemorrhagic disease
E.
Polyp
Answer: C* Fissure in anus
***) The most common cause of
rectal bleeding in infancy and childhood is:
A.
Anal fissure
B.
Volvulus
C.
Foreign body
D.
Intussusception
E.
Meckel's diverticulum
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