Cardiology
1. Heart Murmurs.
***) Concerning innocent murmur
all of the following are true, except:
A.
Low-pitched vibratory murmur
B.
Usually diastolic
C.
Not more than grade 2/6 in intensity
D.
No splitting in heart sounds
E.
Best heard in midprecordium
Answer: B* Usually diastolic
***) Auscultatory features
characteristic of a benign murmur include all of the following, except:
A.
Confirmation to systoles
B.
Audible in a restricted area of precordium only
C.
A quiet musical quality
D.
No variation with position
E.
Short duration
Answer: D* No variation with
position
2. Congenital Heart Disease.
***) The most common cause of
central cyanosis in the neonates is:
A.
Congenital heart disease
B.
Lung disease
C.
CNS disease
D.
Hypoglycemia
E.
Polycythemia
Answer: A* Congenital heart
disease
***) One of the following is the
most common congenital heart defect in infants and children:
A.
ASD
B.
VSD
C.
Aortic coarctation
D.
Right ventricular hypertrophy
E.
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Answer: B* VSD
***) All of the following
statements are correct, except:
A.
Cyanosis at birth may indicate transposition of the great
arteries TGA
B.
Aortic regurgitation is the most common heart lesion in
rheumatic carditis
C.
Ventricular septal defect VSD is the most common CHD
D.
Patent ductus arteriosus PDA is more common in premature
E.
Chest X-ray will show olgemic lung fields in pulmonary
artery stenosis
Answer: B* Aortic regurgitation
is the most common heart lesion in rheumatic carditis
3. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease.
***) All of the following are
acyanotic congenital heart disease, except:
A.
Ventricular septal defect
B.
Fallot tetralogy
C.
Aortic stenosis
D.
Atrial septal defect
E.
Pulmonary stenosis
Answer: B* Fallot tetralogy
***) All of the following are
acyanotic congenital heart diseases, except:
A.
Transposition of great vessels
B.
Patent ductus arteriosus
C.
Coarctation of aorta
D.
Atrial septal defect
E.
Ventricular septal defect
Answer: A* Transposition of
great vessels
***) The commonest non cyanotic
congenital heart disease is:
A.
ASD atrial septal defect
B.
VSD ventricular septal defect
C.
PDA persistent ductus arteriosus
D.
Aortic stenosis
E.
Mitral insufficiency
Answer: B* VSD ventricular
septal defect
***) Regarding left to right
cardiac shunts all are true, except:
A.
Cyanosis is a prominent feature
B.
Oxygenated blood is shunted from left to right
C.
Systemic flow is decreased
D.
Pulmonary congestion is a prominent feature
E.
Left heart pressures normally exceed those on the right
Answer: A* Cyanosis is a
prominent feature
***) In Atrial Septal Defect
(ASD) all are true except:
A.
The murmur heard is secondary to flow through the ASD
B.
Surgery is indicated once diagnosed in symptomatic patients
C.
Secundum type is the most common
D.
Usually asymptomatic in childhood
E.
Surgery is contraindicated if severe pulmonary hypertension
developed
Answer: A* The murmur heard is
secondary to flow through the ASD
***) Large VSD alone in infancy
may present by all of the following, except:
A.
Failure to thrive
B.
Recurrent chest infections
C.
Holosystolic murmur
D.
Cardiomegaly and oligemic lungs on chest X-ray
E.
ECG shows biventricular hypertrophy
Answer: D* Cardiomegaly and
oligemic lungs on chest X-ray
***) All of the following could
be manifestations of large VSD, except:
A.
Feeding difficulties
B.
Left to right shunt
C.
Cardiomegaly
D.
It is the commonest congenital heart disease
E.
Absent femoral pulse
Answer: E* Absent femoral pulse
***) A 2 year old boy, presented
with upper respiratory tract infection, the treating physician accidently heard
a pansystolic murmur during cardiac auscultation the most likely diagnosis is:
A.
Atrial septal defect
B.
Coarctation of aorta
C.
Transposition of great vessels
D.
Ventricular septal defect
E.
Patent ductus arteriosus
Answer: D* Ventricular septal
defect
***) Regarding coarctation of
the aorta all are true except:
Affecting males more than
females
The ascending aorta is the most
common site
Can be presented with
hypertension at childhood
In severe narrowing its
indication for surgery
The surgical approach is through
right rhoracolomy
Answer: 2* The ascending aorta
is the most common site
***) All of the following does
not require treatment in a newborn, except:
A.
A scrotal hydrocele
B.
Breast enlargement
C.
Mongolian spot
D.
An erupted tooth
E.
Femoral pulses absent
Answer: E* Femoral pulses absent
4. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease.
***) Cyanotic congenital heart
disease includes all of the following, except:
A.
Transposition of great vessels
B.
Fallot tetralogy
C.
Isolated VSD
D.
Tricuspid atresia
E.
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Answer: E* Pulmonary artery
stenosis
***) Only one of the following
is cyanotic congenital heart disease:
A.
Fallot tetralogy
B.
Patent ductus arteriosus
C.
Atrial septal defect
D.
Ventricular septal defect
E.
Coarctation of aorta
Answer: A* Fallot tetralogy
***) Tetralogy of Fallot
exhibits all of the following, except:
A.
Cyanosis
B.
Ventricular septal defect
C.
Patients do not develop congestive heart failure in infancy
D.
Obstruction to right ventricular outflow
E.
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Answer: C* Patients do not
develop congestive heart failure in infancy
5. Congestive Heart Failure.
***) All of the following are
common features of heart failure in infancy, except:
A.
Hepatomegaly
B.
Lower limb edema
C.
Feeding difficulties
D.
Tachycardia
E.
Failure to thrive
Answer: B* Lower limb edema
***) Which one of the following
is not common in acute heart failure of infancy:
A.
Peripheral edema
B.
Tachypnea
C.
Tachycardia
D.
Gallop rhythm
E.
Hepatomegaly
Answer: A* Peripheral edema
***) Congestive heart failure in
infancy is characterized by all of the following, except:
A.
Enlarged palpable liver
B.
Feeding difficulties
C.
Heart rate over 150/min
D.
Respiratory rate over 40/min
E.
Oligemic lung fields in chest X-ray
Answer: E* Oligemic lung fields
in chest X-ray
***) Congestive heart failure in
infancy commonly presents with all of the following, except:
A.
Peripheral edema
B.
Poor weight gain
C.
Excessive perspiration
D.
Weak cry
E.
Tachypnea
Answer: A* Peripheral edema
***) The first sign of heart
failure in infants is usually:
A.
Peripheral edema
B.
Engorged jugular veins
C.
Basal crepitation
D.
Tachypnea and tachycardia
E.
Puffiness of eye lids
Answer: D* Tachypnea and
tachycardia
***) Goals of medical therapy
for congestive heart failure in children include all the following except:
A.
Reducing the preload
B.
Enhancing cardiac contractility
C.
Increase the after load
D.
Improving oxygen delivery
E.
Enhancing nutrition
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